Development and the global economy
H2 Geography - syllabus 9173, 2027
Follow trade, investment and workers across borders, and explain how firms, states and institutions shape uneven development.
- Development at different scales
Development varies at every scale, and a national or regional average can hide big differences inside it.
- Changing trade and capital flows
Trade and investment have grown and shifted since the 1950s, but their benefits and destinations remain uneven.
- Changing labour flows
Labour migration links places through work, money and skills, but the gains and costs are uneven.
- Changes in economic structure
A sector's share can fall because others grow faster, so a smaller share does not always mean it produces less.
- Global economic interdependence
Trade, money and workers link places, so a change in one place can ripple to others.
- Global production networks
A global production network links the firms, workers and places involved in making, moving and using a product.
- Economic impacts of TNCs
TNC production abroad moves jobs, income and know-how between places, and the gains depend on what each place keeps.
- Social and environmental impacts of TNCs
A cleaner factory or a new job can be a real gain, but a full judgement follows people and pollution across the whole network.
- States and TNCs
States can shape what TNCs do through rules and incentives, but how much depends on what firms need and what governments can enforce.
- Labour and TNCs
Workers influence production through their skills and by acting together, while firms and states shape their opportunities.
- ASEAN and regional integration
ASEAN cooperation can make regional trade and production easier, but agreed goals and real results are not the same.
- The WTO and World Bank
The WTO sets agreed trade rules, while the World Bank supports development with money and advice, so they influence TNCs in different ways.
- Named examples: Development and the global economy
A named place with a date or figure, linked to your point, turns a general answer into a developed one.
What you will be able to do
I can compare development between world regions, between countries and within one country.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 1. Development. How do levels of development vary across space?
Taught in Development at different scales, Named examples: Development and the global economy
I can explain how uneven flows of trade, capital and labour have changed since the 1950s and how they link to development.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 1. Development. How are global patterns of trade, capital and labour flows related to variations in levels of development across space?
Taught in Changing trade and capital flows, Changing labour flows
I can explain how global production shifts have changed the balance of agriculture, manufacturing and services.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 1. Development. How might the structure of a country's economy be affected by shifts in global patterns of manufacturing, services and agriculture?
Taught in Changes in economic structure
I can explain how flows of trade, capital and labour connect the global economy and create interdependence.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 2. Geography of the Global Economy and Transnational Corporations (TNCs). How do global patterns of flows of trade, capital and labour illustrate the interconnectedness within the global economy?
Taught in Changing labour flows, Global economic interdependence
I can trace how a TNC's production network moves materials and capital between places.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 2. Geography of the Global Economy and Transnational Corporations (TNCs). How do the global production networks of TNCs connect places within the global economy?
Taught in Global production networks
I can evaluate the economic, social and environmental effects of TNC networks on home and host economies.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 2. Geography of the Global Economy and Transnational Corporations (TNCs). How do TNCs' global production networks impact their home and host economies?
Taught in Economic impacts of TNCs, Social and environmental impacts of TNCs
I can explain how states regulate TNCs and why their influence differs.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 3. Relative Influence of Actors in Shaping the Global Economy. Can states influence economic activities?
Taught in States and TNCs
I can explain how workers, unions, states and TNCs each shape labour conditions.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 3. Relative Influence of Actors in Shaping the Global Economy. Can labour influence economic activities?
Taught in Labour and TNCs
I can compare how ASEAN, the WTO and the World Bank influence TNCs and states.
Syllabus 9173, Topic 1.2, 3. Relative Influence of Actors in Shaping the Global Economy. Can multilateral institutions influence economic activities?
Taught in ASEAN and regional integration, The WTO and World Bank