French Vietnam, 1870s-1920s
G3 Full History - syllabus K330, 2027
How France took over Vietnam from the 1870s, and how control of government, rice, coal and schools changed Vietnamese lives and responses.
- Background: how France got a foothold
French missionaries and traders built influence first, then France took Cochinchina in the 1860s as a base to expand.
- Why France wanted Annam and Tonkin
France hoped Tonkin would open trade with China and boost its power, and it feared Britain would get there first.
- Conquest and protectorates
France used force and treaties to take control of Annam and Tonkin, while keeping the emperor as a figurehead.
- Rice, coal and who kept the money
Rice and coal exports grew, but rent, taxes, debt and French monopolies left many ordinary people with little.
- New jobs and schools, but unequal rights
Some Vietnamese gained jobs or a French education, but many were landless, and all had fewer rights than the French.
- Different ways to resist
Vietnamese opponents of French rule agreed on the goal but chose different methods: armed revolt, help from abroad, or reform.
- Put it together: One change, several consequences
A surviving court, higher rice sales and more schooling tell us different things. Follow who gained decisions, income or opportunities.
What you will be able to do
I can describe Southeast Asia before 1870: its land, peoples, rulers, and the outside powers that influenced it.
Syllabus K330, Overview of Southeast Asia before 1870, Learning Outcomes. Describe the geography, people, political systems of pre-1870 Southeast Asia, and the role of external influences on the region.
Taught in Background: how France got a foothold
I can examine why European traders, missionaries and governments became interested in Southeast Asia.
Syllabus K330, Overview of Southeast Asia before 1870, Learning Outcomes. Examine the motivations behind European interest in Southeast Asia.
Taught in Background: how France got a foothold
I can weigh up which circumstances mattered most in leading a European power to take more control in Southeast Asia.
Syllabus K330, Extension of European Control in Southeast Asia, Learning Outcomes. Assess the circumstances that led to the extension of European influence in Southeast Asia.
Taught in Why France wanted Annam and Tonkin
I can weigh up how far officials, rulers, chiefs and traders helped European powers extend their control.
Syllabus K330, Extension of European Control in Southeast Asia, Learning Outcomes. Assess the roles of individuals and groups in the extension of European influence.
Taught in Conquest and protectorates
I can judge how colonial rule changed politics, the economy and society in Southeast Asia after 1870, and who gained or lost.
Syllabus K330, Extension of European Control in Southeast Asia, Learning Outcomes. Evaluate the impact of European influence on Southeast Asia after 1870.
Taught in Rice, coal and who kept the money, New jobs and schools, but unequal rights, Different ways to resist
Sources and context
Background reading for this chapter.
- French National Assembly, Ferry's speech of 28 July 1885
Jules Ferry, speech in the French Chamber of Deputies, 28 July 1885; English paraphrase of the economic and strategic arguments.
- BnF, France and China: the path of an encounter
Bibliotheque nationale de France, France and China: the path of an encounter; historian's account on its heritage site.