Weather and climate

G2 Elective Geography: Climate - syllabus K229, 2027

Read climate graphs and explain temperature, rainfall and the winds that shape Singapore's weather.

• Weather, climate and climate graphs

  Weather is what the air is like now; climate is the pattern over many years.

• Three climate types on climate graphs

  Name a climate type from three readings: the temperature range, the yearly rainfall total, and how that rain is spread across the year.

• Climatic hazards and their impacts

  A climatic hazard becomes a disaster when extreme weather meets people and places that are exposed and cannot cope.

• Sunlight, latitude and seasons

  Low-angle sunlight spreads over more ground, so it heats less; Earth's tilt as it orbits the Sun gives us seasons.

• Local temperature differences

  Higher ground is usually cooler, plants and shade cool the air, and the sea keeps coastal temperatures steady.

• The water cycle and humidity

  Air becomes saturated when it cools enough, and on the ground, soil and surfaces decide where rainwater goes.

• Convectional and relief rainfall

  In both types of rain, moist air rises, cools and condenses; the difference is what makes the air rise.

• Air pressure, wind and breezes

  Wind blows from high to low pressure; the bigger the pressure difference over a short distance, the stronger the wind.

• Monsoons in Singapore

  A monsoon is a seasonal change in wind direction, caused by land and sea heating differently through the year.

• Named examples: Weather and climate

  A named place with a date or figure, linked to your point, turns a general answer into a developed one.