Genomes and gene regulation
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Which is characteristic of eukaryotic nuclear chromatin?
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DNA wrapped around histones in nucleosomes
Nucleosomes are fundamental chromatin units.
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Which region is most directly associated with spindle attachment?
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The centromere and its associated kinetochore
This region connects chromosomes to spindle microtubules.
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Which interpretation of histone acetylation is appropriate?
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It often increases chromatin accessibility.
This can facilitate transcription when other required factors are present.
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Which change would NOT usually make a gene more accessible for transcription?
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Adding methyl groups to its promoter DNA
Promoter methylation is usually linked to reduced transcription. Acetylation and chromatin opening increase access.
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Which pair correctly distinguishes control element and factor?
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Enhancer = DNA; activator = protein
The protein binds the DNA regulatory element.
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A protein becomes active immediately after phosphorylation, with no abundance change. Which level is most directly involved?
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Post-translational regulation
An existing protein is chemically modified to change activity.
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