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DNA and gene expression

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What is the aligned complement of 5'-A C G-3'?

  1. 5'-T G C-3'.
  2. 3'-T G C-5'.
  3. 3'-A C G-5'.
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3'-T G C-5'.

Complementary bases occupy matching positions on an antiparallel strand.

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Which pairing is correct?

  1. rRNA: carries each amino acid to its matching codon.
  2. mRNA: permanently stores every gene in the nucleus.
  3. tRNA: anticodon and amino-acid attachment site.
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tRNA: anticodon and amino-acid attachment site.

These features let it act as an adaptor.

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What does DNA ligase do during replication?

  1. Extend each new fragment by adding nucleotides to its 5-prime end.
  2. Seal breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone between fragments.
  3. Join adjacent bases across the two strands with hydrogen bonds.
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Seal breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone between fragments.

This completes a continuous strand after fragment synthesis and primer replacement.

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Which enzyme is NOT needed to replicate DNA?

  1. DNA polymerase
  2. DNA ligase
  3. RNA polymerase
  4. Helicase
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RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase transcribes genes. Replication uses helicase, DNA polymerase and DNA ligase (with primase for primers).

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Which RNA matches the template 3'-TGA-5'?

  1. 3'-ACU-5'.
  2. 5'-ACU-3'.
  3. 5'-TGA-3'.
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5'-ACU-3'.

The RNA is complementary and antiparallel.

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A DNA template strand reads 3' TAC GCA 5'. Which mRNA is transcribed?

  1. 3' AUG CGU 5'
  2. 5' ATG CGT 3'
  3. 5' UAC GCA 3'
  4. 5' AUG CGU 3'
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5' AUG CGU 3'

mRNA is complementary to the template: T to A, A to U, C to G, G to C, running 5' to 3'.

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Which sequence represents the spliced product of exon 1 - intron - exon 2?

  1. Only the intron remains.
  2. Exon 1, intron and exon 2 remain joined in the mature mRNA.
  3. Exon 1 joined to exon 2.
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Exon 1 joined to exon 2.

Retained exon sequences are joined in order.

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What directly determines the order in which amino acids are added?

  1. The order of mRNA codons read by the ribosome.
  2. The amino acids with the highest cytoplasmic concentration are added first.
  3. The sequence of tRNA molecules produced first in the cell, regardless of codons.
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The order of mRNA codons read by the ribosome.

Codon order directs the amino-acid sequence.

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Question 1 of 8

Compare DNA and three RNAs

4 marks

Compare DNA and RNA structure, then assign a role to mRNA, tRNA and rRNA in polypeptide synthesis. [4]

Include sugar, base, strand organisation and function.

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