K327 / K328 / 2027

Reproduction in humans

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Which event directly forms a human zygote?

  1. An egg is released from an ovary.
  2. The sperm and egg nuclei fuse.
  3. The uterine lining is shed.
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The sperm and egg nuclei fuse.

Fusion combines genetic information and produces a zygote.

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Which structure directly transports sperm from the testis towards the urethra?

  1. Sperm duct
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Ureter
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Sperm duct

The sperm duct is the transport route; the testis is the production site.

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Which pairing is correct?

  1. Vagina: usual fertilisation site; cervix: releases eggs each month
  2. Ovary: stores urine; uterus: makes sperm
  3. Oviduct: usual fertilisation site; uterus: implantation site
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Oviduct: usual fertilisation site; uterus: implantation site

The developing embryo reaches the uterus after early divisions.

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Which statement correctly links progesterone with the menstrual cycle?

  1. It moves the egg down the oviduct by making the oviduct muscles contract after ovulation.
  2. After ovulation, it helps maintain the uterine lining for possible implantation.
  3. Its level proves that day 14 is the fertile day in every cycle.
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After ovulation, it helps maintain the uterine lining for possible implantation.

A later fall in progesterone and oestrogen contributes to shedding when pregnancy is not established.

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Invented data: progesterone stays high after day 14 and does not fall at day 28. Which is the most likely explanation?

  1. Menstruation is starting, so the lining is breaking down
  2. Fertilisation and implantation have taken place, so the lining is kept
  3. Oestrogen has stopped being made, so progesterone cannot fall
  4. Ovulation is about to happen again, so progesterone is rising to prepare for it
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Fertilisation and implantation have taken place, so the lining is kept

High progesterone maintains the uterine lining for a pregnancy.

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Which sequence is in the correct order?

  1. Fertilisation -> zygote divisions -> ball of cells -> implantation.
  2. Ovulation -> implantation of the egg in the ovary -> fertilisation -> zygote divisions.
  3. Menstruation -> implantation in the urinary bladder.
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Fertilisation -> zygote divisions -> ball of cells -> implantation.

The location changes from oviduct towards the uterine lining as early development proceeds.

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Which statement accurately connects transmission and prevention?

  1. Sharing a meal transmits HIV, so separate utensils are necessary.
  2. Screening donated blood reduces the risk from contaminated transfusions.
  3. A needle is safe to share once it has been wiped clean and no blood can be seen on it.
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Screening donated blood reduces the risk from contaminated transfusions.

This prevention measure addresses a genuine blood-exposure route.

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Write a short answer, then compare it with a sample and check for missing ideas.

Question 1 of 6

Trace gametes and early development

4 marks

Trace sperm from its production site through the male transport route, explaining the scrotum, prostate and penis. Then trace a released egg towards the uterus, naming the usual fertilisation site, cervix and vagina. Describe what happens between fertilisation and implantation. [4]

Assign each structure a function; do not merge the urinary and reproductive routes.

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