Chapter summary
Periodicity and Metals, at a glance
Find patterns in the Periodic Table and use evidence to predict reactions.
SEC G2 Science K223 / K225 (2027)
Quick revision
Revisit the essentials, then return to an explanation when you need it.
| Term | Definition to write |
|---|---|
| Group | A vertical column of the Periodic Table. Its elements have the same number of outer (valence) electrons. |
| Period | A horizontal row of the Periodic Table. Its elements have the same number of occupied electron shells. |
| Rusting | The corrosion of iron. It needs both oxygen and water, and forms hydrated iron(III) oxide. |
Groups share valence-electron patterns. Group 1 becomes more reactive down the group; group 17 becomes less reactive. Noble gases have full outer shells.
Metal order: K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Pb, H, Cu, Ag. Use comparable experiments. Rusting needs oxygen and water; barriers remove contact with them.
Quick recall
Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
Revisit an explanation
- Read position from electron arrangement
- Metal to non-metal across a period
- Group 1: lithium, sodium and potassium
- Group 17: identify displacement from the evidence
- Recognise noble gases and transition metals
- Build the metal reactivity series from experiments
- Use reactivity to explain extraction and heating
- Prevent rust by removing a condition or supplying protection